"What is the purpose of religion?" asked the deists, and their answer was that the aim of religion was to make men virtuous. And how are men to be made virtuous? By the acceptance of certain sound general principles men could become good; natural religion would accept, as generally valid principles, belief in God, in human immortality, and in some system of rewards and punishments after death . . . How are these principles to be learned? The answer is that they are self-evident, as can be seen from their general acceptance in all the religions and all the countries of the earth. Locke had already remarked that the moral teachings of all the religions were much the same, and that Christianity had only the advantage of presenting them in a more orderly and coordinated form. But, if such principles are self-evident, there is no need for a special revelation; and the traditional Christian arguments from miracle and from prophecy are irrelevances and inconveniences rather than aids to true religion.
At this distance of time, we can see that the defect of all forms of deism was that they treated religion as being a system of ideas and a code of moral precepts. The heart of the Christian faith is personal communion with a living God, redemption from sin, and the redemption of history through the personal interposition of God Himself in it through the Incarnation. But part of the difficulty experienced by the Church in answering the deists was that most of the champions of the Church had themselves come to think in the same categories as the deists, and were therefore at a great disadvantage in meeting an adversary whose use of the available weapons was perhaps more skilful than their own.
from Anglicanism
Now, I found this interesting as both an unpacking of the rationalist approach to religion -- follow the instructions (any instructions, really) for desired result -- and in the second paragraph especially, as a template for describing, potentially, all kinds of current phenomena in the broader culture of Christianity (if that makes sense at all -- friends don't let friends think without coffee, but you aren't here, and the coffee-making friend of my right hand has only now arisen to take on the day).
And then yesterday I read the following passage, from Chesterton, of course, which delighted me no end. In it, Saint Thomas Aquinas has been sent to France, to the court of King Louis IX, later Saint Louis. As Chesterton says,
In the old pagan proverb about kings being philosophers or philosophers kings, there was a certain miscalculation, connected with a mystery which only Christianity could reveal. For while it is possible for a king to wish very much to be a saint, it is not possible for a saint to wish very much to be a king.
Now, that's pretty felicitous in itself, but the anecdote about Aquinas which it frames is even better. He goes with great reluctance, ordered by his superiors, to Paris, where he finds himself at a royal banquet.
Somehow they steered that reluctant bulk of reflection to a seat in the royal banquet hall; and all that we know of Thomas tells us that he was perfectly courteous to those who spoke to him, but spoke little, and was soon forgotten in the most brilliant and noisy clatter in the world: the noise of French talking. What the Frenchmen were talking about we do not know, but they forgot all about the large fat Italian in their midst, and it seems only too possible that he forgot all about them. Sudden silences will occur even in French conversation; and in one of these the interruption came . . .
And then suddenly the goblets leapt and rattled on the board and the great table shook, for the friar had brought down his huge fist like a club of stone, with a crash that startled everyone like an explosion; and had cried out in a strong voice, but like a man in the grip of a dream, "And that will settle the Manichees!"
from Chesterton's Saint Thomas Aquinas and Saint Francis of Assisi
The anecdote concludes with the king's sending an emissary down the tables to find out what argument was playing itself out in Thomas's head and write it down, because it must have been a good one, and the philosopher might forget it.
Meanwhile, Epiphany's reading list from Dallas has come at last, so she is feverishly devouring Plato's Republic, Aristotle's Ethics, Oedipus Rex, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Henry V, Cymbeline, the Book of Job, and some Faulkner and Flannery O'Connor. We have her booked on a cheap flight -- 2 stops, one change, which may be a kind of baptism by fire into the adventures of traveling alone -- to go and discuss all these things, beginning two weeks from tomorrow.
And there's a second chapter up at the story blog. Summer writing proceeds . . . maybe not exactly apace, but it's creeping along in something like the right direction. You are welcome to come and read; just drop me an email, and I'll send you an invitation.























